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The Risks of Lung Cancer
Most lung cancers are caused by smoking cigarettes. The more you smoke and the earlier in life you start smoking, the higher your risk.
Other risks include HIV infection (which is the cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome or AIDS), and exposure to radiation released by nuclear bombs. There is a greater risk if you have an history of non-small lung cancer in your family.
1. Smoking
The top risk factor for lung cancer is smoking cigarettes. It is the cause of about 80percent of lung cancer deaths and more than 90 percent of cases of small lung cancer (SCLC). When people smoke cigarettes they inhale nicotine, as well as other chemicals. These chemicals harm the lungs and cause them to age faster. This can lead to emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which are chronic obstructive respiratory lung diseases. The more people smoke and the longer they have consumed cigarettes, the higher their likelihood of developing lung cancer. Non-smokers may also develop lung cancer by inhaling secondhand cigarette smoking.
Other chemicals, including arsenic, diesel exhaust, or certain forms of chromium as well as silica, can also increase the likelihood of developing lung cancer. It is important to realize that exposures can occur both at workplace and in the community.
A family history of cancer could also be an indicator of risk for lung carcinoma. People who have a parent, cousin or close friend who have lung cancer are twice the risk of developing it. This could be due to a genetic predisposition to develop the disease or the presence of risk factors like smoking.
Other personal factors can affect the risk of developing lung cancer, including age, race, and sex. While many of these factors are beyond our control, we can decrease the risk of developing lung cancer by avoiding certain risk factors like smoking and inheriting certain genes.
2. Family History
If you have a close family member who has been diagnosed with lung cancer are at an increased chance of developing the disease themselves even if non-smokers. This could be due to a shared genetic susceptibility, or exposure to other cancer-causing agents, such as tobacco smoke in the environment and radiation.
The present hospital-based study used an unconditional logistic regression to study the connection between family history at different sites of lung cancer and the risk of developing. The data were collected from patients over 30 years that were admitted to a single Miyagi Prefecture hospital between 1997 between 1997 and 2009. The relationship between lung cancer and family history of the most prominent cancer sites was evaluated. These were: stomach cancer, the top site of incidence for males, and breast cancer, the leading site for females.
The results of the present study reveal that the presence of lung cancer in first-degree relatives including siblings and parents, is associated with an elevated risk of lung cancer, however, it is not associated with other discordant cancers such as bladder and kidney cancers. Additionally, the results show that the risk of lung cancer for women and men differs by histologic type. Specifically, history of adenocarcinoma is associated with a significantly higher risk than history of small cell carcinoma. This suggests that inherited susceptibility to environmental carcinogens, such as tobacco smoke, or to other cancer-predetermining genes plays an important role in the development of adenocarcinoma.
3. Exposure to chemicals
Lung cancers begin in the lungs, but they can spread to other parts of the body. The cancer is then called metastatic lung carcinoma. The chances of this happening increase if someone has previous smoking history or exposure to chemicals at work.
Smoking cigarettes is a major cause of lung cancer. About 250 chemicals are found in cigarette smoke, which can damage the lungs. Smoke exposure from other tobacco products like pipes and cigars or secondhand smoke may also increase the risk of lung cancer. The exposure to the fumes of burning coal wood, oil or even wood can also increase the risk. In the same way, exposure to gases or chemicals at work, such as radiation or soldering of metals may increase the risk.
Long-term exposure to asbestos increases the risk of developing mesothelioma (lung cancer), which affects the linings of the lungs as well as the chest wall. Workers who have been exposed to asbestos could be qualified for compensation.
The tasteless, odorless, and radioactive gas radon can also increase lung cancer risk especially for non-smokers. Radon is found in rock, soil and foundation cracks. You can determine the level of radon in your home with a test kit. Air pollution is a further factor that increases the risk of developing lung cancer. It is important to pay attention to the daily air quality forecast and avoid being active outdoors when the pollution level is high.
4. Physical Activity
Smoking cigarettes is the primary risk factor for lung carcinoma, but people who do not smoke can develop it too. Lung cancer can be caused by smoking tobacco, but also by the chemicals found in homes and workplaces (like arsenic and nickel) or the radon.
Studies have shown that being physically active is associated with a lower risk of developing lung cancer, both for current smokers and smokers who never smoke. The amount of physical activity required to reduce the risk doesn't require a long time of exercise every day or a high-cost health club membership. Some people can lower their risk by walking to and fro the car, or by planting their gardens twice a week.
Researchers conducted a case-control study at a hospital involving patients with lung cancer who were that were matched against 1,335 healthy controls. The results showed that people who did not participate in regular weekly physical activity in their entire lives were twice as likely to develop lung cancer as compared to those who regularly took part in these activities.
Some people may not be able to perform physical exercise for a prolonged period of time while receiving treatment for lung cancer. This is due to the fact that lung cancer can cause anemia, lung cancer deaths which means that there are not enough healthy red blood cells in the body to carry oxygen to various areas of the body. This can result in dizziness, an increased heart rate, extreme fatigue, and swelling. Ask your doctor what kind of exercise is safe to do during and after treatment.
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